VLDLR and atherosclerosis: We have carried out various therapeutic adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy studies in an animal model of atherosclerosis (low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mouse on high cholesterol diet, LDLR-KO HCD), towards the specific goal of regulating the arterial immune cell infiltrate status with immuno-suppressive cytokines and leukocyte chemo-attractant/repellant chemokine genes, and thereby inhibiting atherosclerosis [8–15].