Pim-2 expression is upregulated not only in MM cells but also in BMSCs and osteoblast precursors in the microenvironment in response to known suppressors of osteoblastogenesis IL-3, IL-7, Activin A, TNFα and transforming growth factor β, and this effect was also noted in primary human MM BMSCs following culture with conditioned media.7 Pim inhibitors are capable of counteracting these effects to restore osteoblastogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene PIM1 and Miyoshi myopathy.