Like BRCA2 and PALB2, which are mutated in Fanconi anemia and breast and ovarian cancer (Howlett et al., 2002; Lancaster et al., 1996; Rahman et al., 2007; Reid et al., 2007; Wooster et al., 1995; Xia et al., 2007), biallelic germline mutations in RAD51C cause a severe form of Fanconi anemia (Vaz et al., 2010), whereas monoallelic inheritance of mutations in RAD51C and RAD51D, and RAD51B, predispose individuals to ovarian and breast cancer, respectively (Golmard et al., 2013; Loveday et al., 2011; Meindl et al., 2010), demonstrating an important tumor suppressor function for HR mediators. The gene discussed is RAD51C; the disease is Fanconi anemia.