Chang et al., [84] also used NPC-TW02, NPC-TW04, and NPC-BM1 to search for biomarkers, some of which, including cystatin A, manganese superoxide dismutase and matrix metalloproteinase 2, were indeed expressed at higher levels in NPC patients than in healthy controls and could be used to discriminate NPC patients from healthy persons with an AUC value for 0.83 in case–control study. Here, CSTA is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.