Considering that ROS play an important pathological role in atherosclerosis and that both kinase pathways have been shown to coordinate cellular responses to NAD(P)H oxidase, a major ROS-producing enzyme in VSMC [33,34], an investigation of these pathways in atherosclerotic human arteries before and after angioplasty is warranted. The gene discussed is FMO5; the disease is atherosclerosis.