Compelling evidence supporting this conclusion comes from the findings that chemoresistant NSCLC cells feature an activated EMT signaling (Figure 2) and that an experimentally induced EMT per se (by treating with TGF-β) effectively promotes the acquisition of chemoresistance in both established NSCLC cell lines and primary NSCLC (Figures 3 and 5). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.