Finally, SB431542, an inhibitor of TβRI kinase,40 suppresses the resistance to MTA of NSCLC cells (Figures 3g, 4d and 5e; Supplementary Figure S7B), confirming that TβRI-mediated EMT is indeed required for NSCLC resistance to MTA. The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.