Upon oxidative or covalent modification of Keap1 cysteine residues, Nrf2 is released from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus where it heterodimerizes with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (Maf) proteins before binding to the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) within the promoter regions of the abovementioned cytoprotective genes [59, 60]. The gene discussed is KEAP1; the disease is fibrosarcoma.