Upon oxidative or covalent modification of Keap1 cysteine residues, Nrf2 is released from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus where it heterodimerizes with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (Maf) proteins before binding to the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) within the promoter regions of the abovementioned cytoprotective genes [59, 60]. This evidence concerns the gene MAF and fibrosarcoma.