In the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum S-100β levels of CHD patients between before and after surgery (SMD = 2.05, 95 % CI = 1.55 ~ 2.55, P < 0.001), especially within 24 h after surgery (0 h: SMD = 4.81, 95 % CI = 3.20 ~ 6.41, P < 0.001; 6 h: SMD = 2.41, 95 % CI = 1.26 ~ 3.55, P < 0.001; 24 h: SMD = 1.14, 95 % CI = 0.66 ~ 1.62, P < 0.001), while no such difference was found after 24 h post-surgery (48 h: SMD = 0.79, 95 % CI = −0.18 ~ 1.75, P = 0.109; 72 h: SMD = 0.25, 95 % CI = −0.31 ~ 0.82, P = 0.380) (Fig. 2a). Here, S100B is linked to coronary artery disorder.