Indeed, IL-10 plays a dual role in malaria pathology: it may be beneficial by reducing the inflammatory response, such as that induced by TNF-α, the plasma levels of which were higher in SM compared to UM children, in agreement with numerous studies [29–31]; however, IL-10 may also be detrimental by decreasing the cellular immune responses which are helpful for parasite control by the host [29]. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is malaria.