The finding of two novel germline mutations, including two patients with the same missense mutation p.(Ala128Asp), but not the previously described G84E variant, suggests that there is geographic heterogeneity concerning the pattern of HOXB13 mutations in early-onset or familial/hereditary PrCa and that specific testing for the G84E in populations other than those with northern European origin may not be indicated. This evidence concerns the gene HOXB13 and pure red-cell aplasia.