Data from individuals with depression suggest that a substitution from valine to methionine, at amino-acid position 66 (BDNF Val66Met), could be responsible for structural alterations in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (Cardoner et al., 2013) and in the uncinate fasciculus, a fiber tract linking these two regions (Carballedo et al., 2012). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is major depressive disorder.