The detailed characterization of the cellular uptake and the cellular consequences of the C3-based molecules in clinically relevant animal models, for example, after local application of C3 molecules coupled to tailored supramolecular nanocarriers (61, 62), will show whether the very promising results obtained in vitro and ex vivo can be exploited for the targeted pharmacological modulation of cellular functions in the context of monocyte/macrophage-associated diseases in vivo, such as inflammation, infection, or low bone mass diseases. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is infection.