HPX and cirrhosis of liver: There has been evidence, some published over 35 years ago, that a lack of plasma HPX, or the presence of heme-HPX with methemalbumin, is an ominous prognosis in sepsis (Larsen et al., 2010; Jung et al., 2015), as well as hemorrhagic shock (Friedman-Mor et al., 1978) and liver cirrhosis (Vladutiu and Kim, 1981).