In fully adjusted Cox regression analysis, diabetes was associated with a more than 60% increased risk of dementia (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.19–2.32) and AD (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.06–2.40) after controlling for age, sex, education, baseline MMSE score, BMI, heart disease, stroke, SBP, DBP, APOE ε4, and survival status. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is diabetes mellitus.