While this study focused on the impact of Arhgef11-Rho signaling in tubular cells due to the more prominent role in EMT and promoting fibrosis in our model; chronic stimulation of this pathway in other kidney cell types including mesangial, glomerular endothelium, and renal vasculature (vascular smooth muscle cells) could contribute to the pathophysiology of CKD in the S model. The gene discussed is RHO; the disease is chronic kidney disease.