The impact of TGFβ-1 on the primary cells were examined for two main reasons, (1) TGFβ-1 is a well-studied profibrogenic cytokine that plays an important role in the process of CKD and renal fibrosis [24]; and (2) TGFβ-1 is elevated in kidney of the S rat and anti- TGFβ-1 treatment[25] or gene knockout[26] has a renal protective effect in the S and other experimental models [27, 28]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.