Statistical results indicate that after incubation of CSF for 21 days, nearly 40 percent of TDP-43 located in cytoplasm in the cells of ALS-FTD-CSF group, while approximately 4 percent of TDP-43 located in cytoplasm in the cells of NC-CSF and ALS-CSF groups (Figure 1C). Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.