Clinical AIDS at ART initiation (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=1.65; 95% CI 1.47–1.87), lower CD4 (adjusted HR=1.95 for 50 vs. 350 cells/μL; 95% CI 1.63–2.32) and older age (adjusted HR=1.47 for 50 vs. 30 years; 95% CI 1.29–1.69) were all associated with higher rates of mortality. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is AIDS.