LO has proven benefits for inflammatory bowel disease along with reduced levels of TNF-a, strongly supporting a potential for LO in maintaining intestinal health by modulating the enteric microbial as recently demonstrated by the use of Lavandula × intermedia cultivar Okanagan lavender (OLEO) in a mouse model of acute colitis caused by Citrobacter rodentium [82]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.