RAF1 and neuropathic pain: In conclusion, results of the present study once again demonstrated the cumulative analgesic effect of repeated EAS of ST36-GB34 in CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats and reduce CCI-induced downregulation of Ras, c-Raf, ERK1, p-ERK1/2 proteins, and p38 MAPK mRNA and p-pMAPK protein in the hippocampus, suggesting an involvement of both ERK and p38 MAPK signaling of hippocampal nerve cells in EAS-induced pain relief.