Interestingly, we observed association of the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism with both chromosome 13 and 21 malsegregation events in lymphocytes of MDS and matched control mothers, evaluated by means of the micronucleus assay coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect aneuploidy (Coppedè et al., 2007, 2009). This evidence concerns the gene MTHFR and myelodysplastic syndrome.