In the absence of intra-amniotic infection, several protein biomarkers in human amniotic fluid including interleukin-6 (IL-6, symbols in parenthesis assigned by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee) [32, 33], interleukin-8 (IL8) [34], interleukin-16 (IL16) [35], interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) [33], annexin A2 (ANXA2) [34], and other proinflammatory proteins (CXCL11, ADAM8, SLPI, sICAM1, and vICAM1) [36] have been found to be associated with increased incidence of preterm labour or preterm PROM, yet other studies failed to confirm some of these findings [37]. Here, ANXA2 is linked to chorioamnionitis.