The anatomical extent of colitis (proctitis, left-sided colitis or extensive colitis), UC medications [5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), corticosteroids, immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate), anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics], non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use and presence of any extra-intestinal manifestations were also abstracted. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.