nucleatum induced NF-κB signaling (a known consequence of TLR activation [45]) in mouse tongue epithelium, as evidenced by a 3-fold increase in the percentage of epithelial cells positive for nuclear p65 in infected vs. non-infected mice 6 days post infection (24 ± 2.6% vs. 7% ± 1.5, P < 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.