On the basis of the approval ofpatient-tailored drugs (i.e., EGFR inhibitors and ALK inhibitors), the determination of the generalmutational landscape in lung cancer tissue is getting more important than only the histologicaldiagnosis, as the mutational spectrum directly and significantly influences the treatment plan.There is an ongoing discussion and also already initiated clinical trials (‘basket' and‘umbrella' clinical trial design) that aim on histology-independent andaberration-specific clinical trials (Menis et al, 2014). The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is lung carcinoma.