TZDs can improve β-cell function by: reducing the risk of glucose toxicity and lipotoxicity, suppression of TNF-α, enhancement and proliferation of β-cell mass, reduction of β-cell apoptosis, reduction of islet amyloid, suppression of NF-κB activation, improvement of insulin secretion pattern, reduction of insulin resistance, reduction of thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARs) levels and enhancement of catalase (CAT) activity [10, 29, 38]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.