APOL1 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A classic example is apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene risk variants-associated nephropathy [54], which is a devastating spectrum of kidney diseases including focal global glomerulosclerosis (FGGS) that was historically attributed to hypertension, FSGS or the collapsing variant, sickle cell nephropathy, and severe lupus nephritis in AAs.