In order to identify which CAFs-secreting cytokine may induce EMT and invasion of bladder cancer cells, we compared TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 mRNA levels in NFs versus CAFs, and found that TGFβ1 was the most highly expressed cytokine in CAFs than NFs (Suppl. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB2 and urinary bladder carcinoma.