Western blotting assay showed that: 1) epithelial cell marker (E-cadherin) was only detected in 5637 bladder cancer cells; 2) mesenchymal cell marker (Vimentin) was highly expressed in both NFs and CAFs; and 3) myofibroblast marker (α-SMA) was overexpressed only in CAFs (Fig. 1B and Suppl. Here, ACTA1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.