BDNF and Abnormal emotional state: According to experimental studies, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can increase the level of brain BDNF12, 13 and pro-BDNF.14 Omega-3 PUFAs might increase cAMP response element binding protein levels by inhibiting prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1β, thereby activating BDNF expression.15 Energy-generating metabolic pathways are also activated by PUFAs and subsequently affect BDNF.16 These findings indicate that the effect of BDNF-related synaptic plasticity, which might be associated with psychological distress, is enhanced by dietary supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs.