Similar to cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic inflammation is considered a risk factor for CKD; therefore, it has been postulated that the increased risk for CKD in individuals with periodontal disease might be related to inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, thromboxane B2) which may lead to atherosclerotic changes and thrombus formation in the renal vasculature [13, 17]. Here, TNF is linked to chronic kidney disease.