Previous studies demonstrated that during sepsis, repeated stimulation of the kidneys led to the production of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -6 through nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is a key regulator in keeping homeostasis of immune system and a major drug target in a variety of diseases12, 13, 14. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.