2002). Interstitial macrophage influx was different for males and females after 3 weeks of ang II infusion; we observed increased numbers of macrophages after 3 weeks of ang II infusion only in males. The increased numbers of interstitial macrophages could either be the cause or consequence of the increased protein excretion. Excessive tubular reabsorption of protein results in tubulo-interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially monocytes (Remuzzi and Bertani 1998). On the other hand, macrophages themselves have also been shown to induce kidney damage (Anders and Ryu 2011). This evidence concerns the gene AGT and Nephropathy.