TNF and metastatic neoplasm: Compared with the non-metastatic xenograft controls, we observed a robust increase in ADAMTS-1, ASK1, AURKβ, Birc1, Birc2, Birc5, CD54, CDK4, CTGF, CXCR4, CYCLIN-D1, EGFR, ELK1, ESR1, CFOS, FRA, GRB10, pGSK3β, IL1α, JUND, KRTAP1-1, MEGF10, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP10, MTA2, MYB, cMYC, NF2, P21, PTPN3, CLEAVED PARP, PKC, SDF-1β, SEMA3D, SELE, STAT3, TNFα, TNFR1, and VEGF expression, as well as AKT1/2/3 and NOS3 phosphorylation in the manifold of metastatic tumors (Fig. 4b and c).