In contrast, the possible relevance of APOL1 to CKD is derived primarily from in vitro work: cellular localization studies of APOL1 in nondiabetic kidney disease patient biopsies suggest an implication in arteriopathy[18, 19], while overexpression of APOL1 and its risk alleles enhance podocyte necrosis in vitro [20]. The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.