APOL1 and Nephropathy: The associated variants alone may not be sufficient to induce nephropathy progression, while under low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, additive effects between MYH9 and APOL1 may become apparent and result in a more drastic reduction in renal function, along with the observed significantly high early mortality rates among SCD nephropathy patients[21, 22, 41, 54].