Various molecular mechanisms have been put forth to explain the association between body weight and cancer risk, including the impact of low-grade chronic inflammation, elevated levels of leptin and adiponectin, altered levels of hormones and growth factors (insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, estrogens, and androgens), insulin resistance, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway alterations [16,19]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and cancer.