In what has rightfully been termed “a scientific tour de force” [243] the late Jürg Tschopp and co-workers, showed that the central mechanism driving gouty arthritis was mediated by MSU crystals activating the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3 or NALP3), leading to assembly of the inflammasome. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is gout.