The activity of DPP4 seems to be increased in patients with T2DM and there are a fair number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating that this enzyme is able to interact with proinflammatory pathways and to impair endothelial function through incretin-dependent and independent mechanisms, potentially providing a new link between T2DM and atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and atherosclerosis.