TGFB1 and neurodegenerative disease: The role of TGF-β1 in the orchestration of repair processes has been evidenced in many neurodegenerative diseases and following vascular accident in the brain [51–53]; furthermore, TGF-β1 attenuates spinal neuroinflammation and excitatory amino acid system in rats with neuropathic pain [54], leading to pain relief after intrathecal administration [55].