REN and metabolic syndrome: Prior mortality analyses with shorter follow-up in the full DHS cohort with and without T2D (83.7 % T2D-affected) also found UACR to be associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, independent from CAC and other CVD risk factors such as age, sex, T2D affection status, BMI, current smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renin-angiotensin system blocking medications, and prior CVD [7].