DYRK1A and Cognitive impairment: DYRK1A has been proposed as a therapeutic target to ameliorate the cognitive deficit associated with DS (Becker and Sippl, 2011); indeed, treatment with epigallocatechin-gallate, which can inhibit DYRK1A, has been used successfully in DS mouse models and in a pilot study with young DS individuals to improve long-term memory (De la Torre et al., 2014).