Currently, the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate, the RTS,S vaccine based on the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein, has gone through extensive testing in Africa where a recent phase 3 trial showed a 27 and 46% protection against clinical malaria in African infant and children respectively but unfortunately its efficacy wanes down in a relatively short time (The RTS, S Clinical Trials Partnership, 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CS and malaria.