Butler et al. showed that one intravitreal injection of a blocking antibody to SDF-1 could block neovascularization in an acute injury model for up to 1 month; they thus suggested that using antibodies to block SDF-1 activity may provide a safe and effective alternative treatment for ischemic diseases, such as PDR and DME [173]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and ischemic disease.