AKT1 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: For example, the ability of TPGS to induce apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) via the PI3K/AKT pathway [107] may serve as the basis for the development of a TPGS-based nanoparticle loaded with pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K or AKT; studies show that PI3K inhibition impairs BRCA1/2 expression and sensitizes cells to PARP inhibition in TNBC [130].