Oxygen depletion induces proteomic and genomic changes that activates the level of p53, inhibits apoptosis, promotes angiogenesis (angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and angiogenin), upregulates growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like growth factor [IGF]), and induces anaerobic metabolism and glycolysis (glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters) leading to reduction in potential for cell cycle arrest and cellular differentiation which prevent tumour cell death [74]. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.