Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit reduced serum levels of BDNF after the application of low-frequency rTMS to the motor cortex (Angelucci et al., 2004), but Yukimasa et al. (2006) demonstrated that high-frequency stimulation increases BDNF levels in the blood plasma of patients with depression. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is depressive disorder.