Significantly reduced IRS-1 and IRS-2 levels occur in AD brain, accompanied by elevated cytosolic phosphor-IRS1 (Ser 312 and 316) (Ma et al., 2009; Bomfim et al., 2012; Talbot et al., 2012; Yarchoan et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IRS2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.