Stimulation with the TLR7/TLR8 ligand R848 induced a relative increase in proliferation in TLR7+ and TLR8+ in PANC1 cancer cells compared to empty vector treated PANC1 cells (Fig. 6C; TLR7+, 206% and TLR8, 251% vs. empty vector, 170%; P<0.02 and P<0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and cancer.