TLR4 and neoplasm: For example, TLR agonists have been shown to increase tumor viability and metastasis of human lung cancer cells (10), proliferation in human myeloma cells (TLR3) (33), adhesion and metastasis in human colorectal cancer cells (TLR4) (34), and migration in human gliobastoma (TLR4) or human breast cancer cells (TLR2) (35).