ALK and lung carcinoma: Soon after the first reports of EML4/ALK rearrangement and its role in lung cancer oncogenesis [109, 110], a diagnostic method for detecting EML4/ALK rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was developed, and patients with EML4/ALK rearrangement-positive lung cancer were enrolled in clinical trials with crizotinib [114, 116].