AKT1 and cancer: Recently, several studies have suggested that bufalin inhibits cell migration, invasion and metastasis in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells, partially through suppression of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases signaling pathways (15–17).