NFKB1 and asthma: Additional support for a role of NF-κB in asthma comes from a range of in vivo studies showing increased NF-κB activation in airway tissue and inflammatory cells following intranasal challenge with allergen (e.g., ovalbumin or house dust mite (HDM) extract) [25,26,27], endotoxin [28], or microbial infection [29].