In light of the importance of NEDD4L in the regulation of TGF-β signal transduction and the importance of TGF-β signal transduction pathway in ovarian carcinogenesis, it will be of great interest in the near future to address whether there exists a subset of DDB2-induced TGF-β signature genes in this cancer type and whether DDB2 can sensitize primary ovarian cancer cells to the stimulation of TGF-β. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.